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Following a stroke, different people require different amounts of rehabilitation and support to return to a life that is as normal as possible. Physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy will help to restore some lost movement, speech disturbance and mobility.
Try to stay patient as rehabilitation is often slow and frustrating, but it is important to remain positive as you regain your confidence. Emotional support from family and friends is vital. Together, set a daily routine that you can stick to with regular times to exercise and learn new skills. Around a third of people who survive a stroke make a significant recovery within one month. However, the brain continues to learn how to rewire itself as other parts of the brain take over some of the tasks of cells damaged by stroke. This means improvements can continue for months or even years afterwards.
You can aid your recovery and reduce your risk of another stroke through diet and lifestyle approaches. Studies looking for dietary links with stroke have found that a high consumption of nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy foods, fish and tea, and moderate consumption of coffee and chocolate have a protective effect against stroke, while a high consumption of red and/or processed meat was associated with increased stroke risk.1 Artificially sweetened beverages such as fizzy diet drinks also appear to increase the risk of ischemic stroke, with those with high intakes have almost a three-fold higher risk than those with low intakes, so these are best avoided.2
You may be advised to follow a Mediterranean style diet to help prevent a recurrent stroke as this is especially beneficial for the circulation.3 This way of eating provides plenty of fruit and vegetables, nuts, seeds, olive oil, garlic, tomatoes and oily fish, together with wholegrains and less processed carbohydrates.
Increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables to 5 or 6 portions daily was found to reduce the risk of stroke by up to 30% as they contain antioxidant vitamins, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fibre and other substances that lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Even if you don't manage to eat five servings of fruit and veg a day, increasing your usual intake by just one serving per day can lower your risk of a stroke by around.
Eating fish once or twice a week can reduce the risk of a stroke by reducing inflammation and helping to reduce abnormal blood clotting. A recent review of the latest evidence found that those with the highest intake of oily fish were 12% less likely to experience a stroke than those with the lowest intakes, while those with the highest of lean fish were 19% less likely to experience a stroke.4 Other studies have not found a significant benefit, however, so more research is needed to confirm this.
Researchers have found that a lack of iron doubles the risk of an ischaemic stroke. This is partly because lack of iron makes the blood more sticky to promote the formation of unwanted blood clots, and partly because iron deficiency anaemia reduces the amount of oxygen that is carried in the circulation to supply brain cells.
Iron is found in meat (in the most easily absorbed form of haem-iron) and in plant foods such as wheatgerm, wholemeal bread, green vegetables and dried fruit. The latest UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey found that 27% of women and 2% of men have worryingly low levels of iron (below the amount needed to prevent deficiency disease). Ask your doctor if you could be iron deficient. Vitamin C helps to boost iron absorption.5
Calcium helps to lower blood pressure as it is needed for interactions between nerve signals and blood vessels that cause them to dilate. Ten studies involving 371,495 people found that a high dairy calcium intake was significantly associated with an approximately 24% reduction of stroke risk.6 N.B. It's also important to ensure good intakes of vitamin D (eg from oily fish) and vitamin K2 (eg from cauliflower and green vegetables) as these regulate the deposition of calcium away from arteries towards the bones.
It's also important to reduce your intake of salt as a high salt intake has harmful effects on the circulation, causing blood pressure to rise. The results from 12 studies, involving 225,693 people, who were followed for up to 19 years, shows that a high salt intake increased the risk of a stroke by 34% compared with a low salt intake.7
Dr Sarah Brewer is Healthspan's Medical Director and holds degrees in Natural Sciences, Surgery and Medicine from the University of Cambridge. Having worked as a GP and hospital doctor, Dr Sarah now holds an MSc in Nutritional Medicine from the University of Surrey and specialises in nutrition. She is also an award-winning writer and author.
Find out more at Dr. Sarah Brewer's website, or read more about Healthspan's health experts.
Nothing beats a healthy, balanced diet to provide all the nutrients we need. But when this isn't possible, supplements can help. This article isn't intended to replace medical advice. Please consult your healthcare professional before trying supplements or herbal medicines.
1Deng, C (2018). Stroke and food groups: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, Public Health Nutr.
2Pase, MP (2017). Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and the risks of incident stroke and dementia: a prospective cohort study, Stroke
3Isabel, C (2016). Stroke prevention, Presse Med
4(2018). Effects of fatty and lean fish intake on stroke risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, Lipids Health Dis
5Kaiafa, G (2017). Anemia and stroke: Where do we stand?, Acta Neurol Scand
6Tian, DY (2017). Calcium intake and the risk of stroke: an up-dated meta-analysis of prospective studies, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.
7Li, XY (2012). High salt intake and stroke: meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence, CNS Neurosci Ther.