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For some women, going through menopause can feel stressful in itself. The transition can be a life-changing experience, and is not at all negative, as we are often led to believe. It can be a time to evaluate our lives: to look at our careers, relationships, and health and wellbeing.
Fluctuating hormone levels during menopause alter the way we physically and emotionally respond to stress and can bring on feelings of depression, anxiety, or make us feel overwhelmed and isolated. Some women who don't realise that these feelings are hormonal issues are sometimes prescribed anti-depressants as a solution. But there are plenty of natural ways to manage your symptoms and alleviate some of the feelings of stress you're experiencing.
Your body produces two hormones when under stress, called cortisol and adrenaline. They are produced in part of the endocrine system called the adrenal glands. These glands sit on top of your kidneys. They typically don't get a lot of press, which is a shame, as they work especially hard both during menopause, and when we experience chronic stress.
Cortisol and adrenaline are your 'fight, flight or freeze' hormones. Whilst this sounds negative, these hormones can give you energy, focus, and increase alertness. Chronic, long term stress can cause larger health issues, and play havoc with the delicate balance that our hormones have with each other.
During menopause, the adrenal glands take over some of the work of the diminishing ovaries and produce small amounts of progesterone and oestrogen. The body is wonderful at adapting to the transition to menopause, however, the adrenal glands cannot produce these female hormones efficiently when they are constantly pumping out stress hormones: the body will always choose survival over fertility.
When we experience stress, the body becomes primed for attack, and the adrenal glands choose to produce cortisol and adrenaline over the production of oestrogen and progesterone. This is bad news for menopausal women, as we need these hormones for our health and emotional well-being.
When we are experiencing chronic stress, whether it is from a high-sugar diet, a bad relationship or from feeling overwhelmed, it forces the adrenal glands to sustain high levels of cortisol. This could also lead to adrenal fatigue, sometimes known as 'burn out', which can lead to depression, weight gain, exhaustion, insomnia, and foggy thinking.
Progesterone and oestrogen work against the impact cortisol has on our body. Our body can buffer stress before menopause because we have optimal levels of progesterone. Once those levels start to lower during perimenopause, the cortisol buffering effect weakens. High cortisol levels can also decrease progesterone's impact on the body.
High cortisol can cause the following symptoms, which are also symptoms of perimenopause:
Your perimenopausal years are the ideal time to reflect and be honest with yourself about your lifestyle to figure out the factors that might be contributing to your feelings of stress.
Focus on a diet that keeps your blood sugar levels balanced. When you eat a diet that sends your blood sugar roller-coastering, your body will respond by producing more cortisol. When your blood sugar crashes after a cake and coffee, your body uses cortisol to bring your blood sugar back up.
It can feel difficult to reduce stresses in our fast-paced, modern world, but there are ways you can manage these anxieties.
During menopause, you'll need to pay careful attention to your new health needs and change your nutrition and lifestyle changes accordingly. For instance, you might consider:
The human body loves to move, so move it any way you like: dance, swim, walk, run, yoga, pilates, or aerobics. It's worth noting that intense exercise can also be a source of stress via the production of cortisol, so it's good to balance something like aerobics with a gentler activity, such as yoga and pilates.
Writing down how you are feeling can be a good way of off-loading information that you don't want to share with others. It may help you see some areas that need your attention more clearly. It's also a good opportunity to take note of the language you use when you talk to yourself: do you treat yourself like your best friend or worst enemy? Be kind and gentle to yourself, and keep an eye on anxieties you may need to address.
Tanith Lee is a registered nutritional therapist with a particular interest in women's health, hormonal health and menopause.
Find out more about Tanith Lee.